This study investigated the potential of trehalose, a natural sugar, to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a mouse model. The study found that trehalose improved the cognitive performance of mice through mechanisms that were independent of the reduction of Aβ protein or activation of autophagy. Trehalose increased the levels of proteins associated with synapses and neurogenesis, suggesting a neuroprotective effect. The study suggests that trehalose may be a potential treatment option for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.